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Correct Answers, Invalid Traces: What Verifiable Grade-School Math Reveals About Chain-of-Thought Traces

2026 · 0 citations

Chain-of-thought traces are widely read as records of how models reach their answers, informing debugging, agent auditing, and claims about reasoning. Testing this interpretation is difficult because natural-language thinking traces are rarely mechanically verifiable. We revisit it in iGSM, a synthetic grade-school mathematics benchmark designed to study thinking traces and used to support claims of learned reasoning and planning. Crucially, iGSM exposes the exact quantities and dependencies tha…

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Influential

Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R

2021 · 9830 citations

This is an open-access step-by-step guide to analyzing PLS models using R, especially using the SEMinR package and with in-depth case studies.

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Linked

Machine Learning-Driven QSAR Modeling of FXIa Inhibitors for Virtual Screening and Rational Drug Design

2026 · 0 citations

Background/Objectives: Coagulation factor XIa (FXIa) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the development of safer anticoagulant therapies with reduced bleeding risk. This study aimed to develop an interpretable machine learning-driven quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) framework for predicting the inhibitory activity of FXIa inhibitors and supporting virtual screening applications. Methods: A total of 3026 curated compounds retrieved from the ChEMBL database were u…

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